Heat the olive oil in a large pot or Dutch oven over medium heat. Add the diced onion and cook until softened, about 5 minutes.
Add the minced garlic and cook for an additional minute, until fragrant.
Increase the heat to medium-high and add the chicken breasts to the pot. Sear them for 3-4 minutes on each side, or until they start to brown.
Once the chicken is browned, add the white beans, diced green chilies, chicken broth, cumin, chili powder, paprika, oregano, salt, and pepper. Stir to combine.
Bring the mixture to a gentle boil, then reduce the heat to low. Cover and let it simmer for about 20 minutes.
After 20 minutes, remove the chicken breasts from the pot and shred them using two forks. Return the shredded chicken to the pot.
Stir in the corn and simmer for an additional 5 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld.
Taste and adjust seasoning with additional salt and pepper if needed.
Serve hot, garnished with sour cream, chopped cilantro, and lime wedges if desired.